The best time to plant trees and shrubs is spring (typically March to May) or autumn (September to November). During these seasons, the soil is moist, and temperatures are mild, allowing plants to root well before summer heat or winter cold.

When choosing a location, consider the plant's mature size, sunlight requirements (full sun, partial shade), soil type and drainage, and distance from nearby structures or other plants. Remember that trees grow large and can impact infrastructure.

The planting hole should be 2-3 times wider than the plant's root ball and the same depth as the root ball. This will allow the roots to spread easily and establish themselves in the new soil. Make sure the plant's root collar (where the roots meet the stem) is at soil level.

First, prepare the hole. Remove the plant from its container or bag and gently loosen the roots if they are tangled. Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the root collar is at soil level. Fill the hole with soil, lightly compact it, and water thoroughly to remove air pockets.

Generally, staking trees is only necessary in windy locations or when the tree is not sufficiently stable. If you use stakes, they should be short (to allow the trunk to move) and removed after 6-12 months to allow for the tree's natural stability.

Newly planted trees and shrubs require regular and deep watering until they establish roots. For the first few weeks, water 1-2 times a day, then gradually reduce to 2-3 times a week during the first growing season. Ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.

Mulch (e.g., wood chips, leaves, straw) is important. It retains soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, regulates soil temperature, and gradually enriches the soil with nutrients. Apply a layer of mulch (about 5-10 cm) around the tree or shrub, but keep it away from the trunk to prevent rot.

• Prevention starts with choosing healthy plants and proper planting. Maintain correct plant care (watering, fertilizing), regularly prune damaged or diseased branches. If necessary, use natural or chemical protective agents, avoiding overuse.

Fertilization is providing plants with necessary nutrients. For trees and shrubs, slow-release fertilizers or organic matter (compost) are typically used. Fertilize in spring or autumn, following the manufacturer's instructions. Always water after fertilizing.

Long-term care includes regular pruning (for shaping, health, or removing hazardous branches), continuous monitoring for diseases and pests, soil improvement as needed, and proper watering, especially during dry periods. Consult an arborist for large trees.